Sute de infecţii cu salmonela

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#1 Cornelia Vodoiu 25.08.2010 15:49

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A. « DIGESTIVES DISEASES :FOOD POISONING. Food poisoning is a common, yet distressing and sometimes of people in the U.S,, and throughout the world. People infected with foodborne organisms may be symptom-free or may have symptoms ranging from mild intestinal discomfort severe dehydration and bloody diarrhea. Depending on the type of infection , people can even die as a result of food poisoning.More than 250 different diseases can cause food poisoning .Some of the most common diseases are infections caused by bacteria , such as « Campylobacter », SALMONELLA, SHIGELLA, E.COLI 0157 :H7, LISTERIA, and BOTULISM. 1. « Campylobacter » is a bacterium that causes acute diarrhea.Transmission usually occurs through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or unpasteurized milk, or through contact with infected infants, pets, or wild animals.2. SALMONELLA is a bacterial infection that can be passed on the humans from domestic and wild animals, including poultry, pigs, cattle, and pets. But most often , it is caused by drinking unpasteurized milk or by eating undercooked poultry and poultry products such as eggs. Any food prepared on surfaces contaminated by raw chicken or turkey can also become tainted with SALMONELLA. Less often , the illness may stem from food contaminated by a food worker.SALMONELLA can escape from the intestine and go into the blood and travel to other organs. It may become a chronic infection in some people , who can be symptom-free yet capable of spreading the disease to others . SALMONELLA infections occur worldwide , but it is most extensively reported in North America and Europe.
3. SHIGELLA is a bacteria generally transmitted through feces. It causes dysentery , an infection of the intestines causing severe diarrhea. The disease generally occurs in tropical or temperate climates, especially under conditions of crowding where personal hygiene is poor.
4.E.COLI 0157 :H7 is a growing cause of food borne illness.An estimated 73.000 cases of these E.COLI infections occur in the U.S. every year , according to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).Most E.COLI 0157 :H7 infections have been associated with eating undercooked, contaminated ground beef. Drinking unpasteurized milk and swimming in or drinking sewage-contaminated water can also cause infection. Bacteria from stools of infected people can be passed to others if less than adequate hygiene or hand-washing habits are present.Young children often continue to shed the organism in their feces for a week or two after their illness resolves.
5.LISTERIA is a bacteria primarily found in soil and water .According to the CDC , vegetables can become contaminated from soil or from manure used as fertilizer.Animals carrying the bacterium can also contaminate food. LISTERIA has been found in many types of uncooked foods tht become contaminated after processing , such as soft cheeses (such as feta and crumbled blue cheese) and cold cuts.Unpasteurized milk or foods made from unpasteurized milk may also be sources of LISTERIA infection.
6. The bacterium « Clostridium botulinum » is responsible for causing the rare but serious illness botulism. According to the CDC, the three main types of botulism are foodborne , woundand infant botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin.Wound botulism , which is very rare, is caused by a toxin produced from a wound infected with « C.botulinium ».Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of botulinum bacteria , which grow in a child’s intestines. All forms of botulism can be deadly and are considered MEDICAL EMERGENCIES ».Reviewed by The Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology ; SOURCE :The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
B.[« How Are Salmonella Infections Treated ?
Medical Author : Charles Davis, MD, PhD ; Medical Editor : William C.Shiel Jr, MD, FACP, FACR.
Treatment for enteritis or FOOD POISONING is controversial. Some doctors recommend no antibiotics since the disease is self-limited, while others suggest using antibiotics such as CIPROFLOXACIN for 10-14 days. Patients identified as immunosuppressed (for example , patients with AIDS or undergoing cancer chemotherapy ) should receive antibiotics. Some investigators believe antibiotics prolong the carrier state.
Treatment for typhoid or enteric fevers with SEPTICEMIA is not controversial. Antibiotics often given intravenously, are needed. These SALMONELLA species also should be tested for antibiotic drug resistance as some SALMONELLA species have been reported to be resistant to * antibiotics (also termed MDR SALMONELLA). Antibiotics usually chosen to treat SALMONELLA infections are FLUOROQUINOLONES and third –generation CEPHALOSPORINS (used in children because FLUOROQUINOLONES are not indicated for use in children) .Resistance to these drugs is a potential problem for those individual that become infected with SALMONELLA as drug treatment options become limited. »]

 

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